• 5g core call flow. 0 Release 15 2 ETSI TS 123 501 V15.

    The SMF manages user plane resources and interacts with the UPF to ensure that data packets are correctly routed and forwarded. When the UE moves between different access networks or between 4G and 5G networks, the data path is switched at the UPF. It is the most widely deployed 3GPP technology and its adoption has been the fastest compared to its predecessors (2G, 3G). LiteCore – Core Network solution for Private LTE; MiniCore – YateHSS/HLR & YateUCN in a box for testing & research; MiniCore 5G – A full 5G, LTE/IMS and GSM/GPRS test Core Network; 5G SA Lab – A complete 5G network in a desktop package; VoLTE Lab – A complete mobile network for Dec 26, 2023 · Once the call is terminated, the PDU session between the UE and the 5G Core is released, freeing up network resources allocated for the VoNR call. • When UE initiates VoNR MO call, RRC connnection is established between calling UE and serving gNB. Tidle timer expiry can happen post various signalling procedures, not just registration procedure. It starts from the basics by introducing the motivation for 5G, enabling technologies including cloud-native principles and then builds on top of these Apr 30, 2020 · VoWifi Mobile-Terminated (MT) Call Creation Call Flow. I wouldn't put all the details of NR signaling procedure here. Jan 8, 2021 · Table 4-4 shows the call flows that will have interactions between 4G and 5G core networks and the network elements within EPC/5G core that will be impacted because of the call flow. 2: The MME determines that the UE is capable and subscribed for handoff to NR. Table 3. allocation of serial numbers for alerts messages; determining the set of cells to which a CMAS message should be broadcast 5G is quite different from 4G and it is necessary to understand the underlying 5G cloud-native technologies to fully embrace and understand 5G. Registration and Attach Procedure: Mar 14, 2023 · 5G SA: The 5G Standalone (SA) call flow involves several stages and messaging between various network elements. The handover process ensures uninterrupted communication for a user equipment (UE) as it moves across different cells or even between different Radio Access Technologies (RATs). N4 Session Establishment is used to create the initial N4 session context for a PDU session at the UPF. Here's a technical explanation of the 5G NSA call flow: 1. It's important to note that the call flow in a 5G NR NSA scenario involves YateUDM – 5G UDM Subscribers Management; Core in a box. The 5G core network architecture is at the heart of the new 5G specification and enables the increased throughput demand that 5G must support. Jan 31, 2022 · Bias-Free Language. The call flow in the LTE network is unique among mobile communication standards and represents the signaling and sessions established across the network. This could be done using the UE capability message. 5G SA also offers better data service performance in terms of data session setup Network-Architectures, 4G-5G interworking, Cloud-Native technology enablers, Call flows and practical tips/tricks. This section describes the Tidle timer call flow. Each ID consists of a mobile country code and a mobile network code ( MCC and MNC ) and identifies a unique network. 0 (2018-09) Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. , VoLTE) when making/receiving voice calls when VoNR is 5G Core Sharing Cases hi can u please put slide on 5g cal flow with pcap logs . 5G Core · Core Network Architecture · Service Based Architecture · Reference Point Representation · Network Function Virtualization(NFV) & MANO · Software Defined Networking (SDN) 8. This is a recording of our open session on 5G Core Networks Protocols and Procedures, 5G Call flow, 5G Logs & Demo of our 5G testing tool Pangolin. SSC Mode 1: In this mode, the PDU session is anchored at the User Plane Function (UPF) in the 5G Core Network (5GC). UE Attachment and Registration: Initial Access: The UE initiates the connection by performing initial access. VoWiFi PDU Session Creation Call Flow; VoWiFi Mobile-Originated (MO) Call Creation Call Flow; VoWifi Mobile-Terminated (MT) Call Creation Call Flow; VoWiFi PDU Session Creation Call Flow. The call flow involves several steps, including initial access, registration, and data transfer. Initial Registration Request Call Flow Description; Step. 501 version 15. It is connected to the SMF with the N11 interface. AMF – Access & Mobility Function; 5G core Access and Mobility Management Function receives all the control and session-related information from the user equipment. Here's a detailed technical explanation of the registration call flow in 5G: Attach Request (Initial Registration): The UE initiates the registration process by sending an Attach Request to the 5G Core VoLTE Mobile-Terminated (MT) Call Creation Call Flow. Signalling within the network ensures that context information is suitably transferred from the source cell to the target cell. VisualEther helps you generate call flow Dec 28, 2023 · The 5G registration call flow is a series of signaling interactions between a User Equipment (UE), also known as a device, and the 5G Core (5GC) network. PCF manages the policies for user data and ensures that they align with the operator's business rules and subscriber agreements. But the QoS flow is a logical pipeline defined for core network flow (more specifically for the data flow between AN(gNB) and UPF, in other words N3 interface). Feb 5, 2020 · of 5G using Option 2, reflecting the initial launch strategy being adopted by multiple operators. Their videos on 5G are best. Xn-based Inter NG-RAN Handover Call Flow Description (Without UPF Reallocation) Step. Covers the UE registration with the 5G gNB and the 5G Core Network. The call flow in a 5G NSA network involves several key steps, including the registration of the user equipment (UE) and the establishment of a data connection. The source AMF finds MME based on the received target ID. LiteCore – Core Network solution for Private LTE; MiniCore – YateHSS/HLR & YateUCN in a box for testing & research; MiniCore 5G – A full 5G, LTE/IMS and GSM/GPRS test Core Network; 5G SA Lab – A complete 5G network in a desktop package; VoLTE Lab – A complete mobile network for The Cisco SMF is a part of the 5G core network functions portfolio with a common mobile core platform architecture. Dec 22, 2023 · A 5G voice call flow involves multiple steps and interfaces between different network elements to ensure that a voice call is established, maintained, and terminated properly over a 5G network. YateUDM – 5G UDM Subscribers Management; Core in a box. VoLTE PDU Session Creation Call Flow; VoLTE Mobile-Originated (MO) Call Creation Call Flow; VoLTE Mobile-Terminated (MT) Call Creation Call Flow; VoLTE PDU Session Creation Call Flow. This site is for everything on 5G/NR. Dec 27, 2023 · The 5G attach procedure is a fundamental process that allows a User Equipment (UE), like a smartphone or any other device, to connect and register with the 5G network. It is responsible for the handling of connection and mobility-related tasks. If there is no QoS Flow with the received combination of the flow binding parameters, SMF adds a new QoS flow and the received PCC rules will be mapped against the new QoS flow. VoNR PDU Session Creation Call Flow Description; Step. The SRC GNB (source gNB) sends a Handover Required message to the SRC AMF (source AMF). The UE also starts reporting measurements on 5G frequencies. 3. Mutual TLS Call Flow In The 5G Core Nov 25, 2023 · The 5G User Equipment (UE) registration call flow involves several steps to establish a connection between the UE and the 5G core network. • Proxy-Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF) discovery performed by the device during IMS signaling flow establishment is supported by 5G Session Management Dec 21, 2023 · The 5G New Radio (NR) Standalone (SA) call flow involves several steps and procedures to establish a connection between the user equipment (UE) and the 5G core network. Here's a detailed technical explanation: 1. Following is the overall call flow of NR. Some of in Bias-Free Language. The NSA approach involves using both 4G LTE and 5G NR (New Radio) for communication. Handover to 5G: In scenarios where the UE moves into an area with 5G coverage, a handover process may occur. It was att Apr 30, 2020 · Table 3. Figure 8. 2. Apr 30, 2020 · Table 2. Hello everyone, we are the free5gc development team. Voice over new radio. We can understand the flow better by looking at the role played by each entity involved in the interaction. In addition to ensuring continuity of voice calls, it is also important to have access to a reliable communication service. There is an implementation guideline for NSA Option 3 already available. 5G Core Architecture Part 1 Live Session 1st Feb 2022 - 5G Mobile Communications (2022) Dec 11, 2023 · The registration call flow in 5G involves several steps for a user device (UE - User Equipment) to establish a connection with the 5G network. Cell Selection . UDM (Unified Data Management): Operators can then integrate their existing IMS network to the new 5G systems to provide the Voice service using 5G Access network and 5G Core network. Initial Access: * The UE initiates the registration process by performing initial access. An UE which wants to register itself with the 5G core sends a Registration-Request N1 message towards AMF with the following contents: LTE-5GNR UE LTE eNodeB 5G-NR gNodeB 4G Core Network UE MN-eNB SN-gNB MME SGW PGW HSS PCRF LTE eNB - 5G gNB dual connectivity (EN-DC) with EPC flow E-UTRAN New Radio - Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) is a technology that enables introduction of 5G services and data rates in a predominantly 4G network. UEs Nov 22, 2023 · The 5G Packet Control Function (PCF) plays a crucial role in the 5G core network, specifically in the control and management of policy and charging. 2, 3. With the help of NEF, 3rd party applications can also access the 5G services. 5G Deployment Scenarios . Objectives: Describe 3GPP specification evolution from LTE to 5G NR. During the handover execution, the source NG-RAN node provides RAN usage data Report to the AMF. NF Service Consumer requests the SMF to deactivate the user plane connection of the PDU session by sending a POST request with the following information: YateUDM – 5G UDM Subscribers Management; Core in a box. 0 mission-critical applications, smart city services, and any services needing a 5G Core’s low latency, ultra-reliability, and massive scaling for Nov 21, 2023 · In NSA mode, the control plane is handled by the 4G LTE network, while the user plane can leverage both 4G and 5G resources. Call Flow Description for Initial Attach on E-UTRAN via 5G Core; Step Description; 1: UE sends Attach Request to the MME through eNodeB. Initialization: UE Capability Reporting: The UE starts by informing the 4G eNB (eNodeB) about its dual-connectivity capabilities. e. 5G gNBs can be introduced early in areas with high traffic congestion. Oct 20, 2018 · 5G core networks can be shrunk in size by using virtualization. The LTE call flow navigates over the elements of the network going through certain steps in order to complete its end-to-end signaling from the user equipment (UE) all the way to the rest of the network components. The introduction of the CHF in 5G brings greater convergence and efficiency to charging operations. Aug 27, 2022 · Overall Call Flow. Tidle Timer Call Flow This site is for everything on 5G/NR. Below is a technical explanation of the 5G NSA call flow: Sep 13, 2023 · Overall, the key difference between 4G and 5G charging lies in the level of integration, flexibility, and support for a broader range of services and use cases in 5G networks. The 5G NR (New Radio) is not yet involved in the connection at this stage. VoWifi: The access agnostic 5G core supports fixed and wireless connectivity that includes licensed, unlicensed, 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies, to deliver converged voice services. Based on the UE registration with the RAN and the AMF, the UE set to "voice centric" for 5GS ensures that the voice service is always available. Description. Sep 23, 2020 · Table 4. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. For the wireless part, the data flow is managed in different flow called DRB(Data Radio Bearer). Nov 22, 2023 · The 5G NSA deployment allows for an easier and faster rollout of 5G services while leveraging the established 4G network. User Equipment (UE) Initialization: * The UE initiates a registration procedure with the 5G Core Table 3. This call flow involves several steps to establish a connection between the UE and the 5G Core (5GC). Conclusion: VoNR call flow leverages the capabilities of the 5G New Radio (NR) network to deliver high-quality voice services with enhanced efficiency, low latency, and improved user experience. UK - Sep 23, 2020 · Table 3. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Below is a high-level overview of the 5G call flow, breaking it down into several phases: 1. LTE Rel 8 and 9 Call Processing; 5G NR Call Processing: Non-Standalone Mode; This course is part of our corporate program and requires an NDA for access. Dec 21, 2023 · 5G New Radio (NR) introduces several new concepts and procedures compared to its predecessors, including more sophisticated handover mechanisms. 1. An EN-DC enabled UE first registers for service with the 4G EPC. voice services will depend on the presence of an IMS Core network Feb 14, 2022 · Table 3. Below is a technical overview of 5G Call Flow Explanation(RRC Setup, NAS Registration, PDU Session creation) 5G Core (5GC) network architecture implementation doesn't exactly follow the network evolution upgrade path as previously followed by 2G, 3G, and 4G networks and this is what makes 5G Architecture very different from its predecessors. Dec 20, 2023 · The 5G call flow is a sequence of signaling messages exchanged between different network elements to establish and release a communication session, such as a voice call, video call, or data session, over a 5G network. The following is a high-level overview of the 5G NSA attach call flow, explaining the key steps involved: 1. An UE which wants to register itself with the 5G core sends a Registration-Request N1 message towards AMF with the contents (registration type, SUCI, or 5G-GUTI, last visited TAI (if available), security parameters, requested NSSAI, UE radio capability, UE MM core network capability, PDU session status, list of 7. Here's a technical breakdown of the 5G attach call flow: Initial Access: Dec 15, 2023 · The 5G Core (5GC) call flow describes the sequence of signaling messages exchanged between different entities in the 5G Core Network during the setup, establishment, and release of a communication session (call) between a User Equipment (UE) and another user or service. Feb 1, 2021 · Bias-Free Language. List the deployment options for both SA and NSA. Initial Registration: 1. 9. Tidle timer call flow is a sample call flow. Here's a technical explanation of the 5G data call flow: 1. The CBCF may be connected to several several CBEs and AMFs and responsible for following. The SA mode means that the 5G network operates independently of the 4G LTE network, meaning there's no need for an LTE anchor in the core network. . Then it will discuss the impact of Samsung’s open source activities on the development of th Dec 5, 2023 · The 5G data call flow involves several steps and entities to establish a communication session between a user device (UE - User Equipment) and the 5G core network. 4G LTE lays the foundation for the future 5G networks. Initial Connection Setup: The UE (User Equipment) initially connects to the LTE eNodeB (eNB) and registers with the LTE core network (EPC - Evolved Packet Core). If authentication Nov 22, 2023 · Here, I'll explain the handover call flow in a 5G NSA scenario. The UE maintains a single PDU session, and the data flow is continuous during the handover process. Here's a simplified overview of a 5G PCF call flow: Jan 13, 2022 · Cell Broadcast Center Function (CBCF) : 3GPP has defined CBCF as a network function with 5G Core. Dec 14, 2021 · 5G Core Interactions. PCF Failover for Binding Database Query Call Flow Description; Step. The 5G Core initiates the N4 Session Establishment Call Flow; N4 Session Modification Call Flow; N4 Session Delete Call Flow; N4 Session Establishment Call Flow. Deactivation of the User Plane Connection of a PDU Session Call Flow Description; Step. UE (User Equipment) Attach: The UE, which is 5G-capable but not yet registered, attaches Nov 11, 2023 · July 3, 2021 November 3, 2021 Ali Khalid Telecom, YouTube Video Tutorials 5g, 5g access, 5g call flow 3gpp, 5g call flow cisco, 5g call flow diagram, 5g call flow in hindi, 5g call flow netmanias, 5g call flow nsa, 5g call flow pcap, 5g call flow ppt, 5g call flow sharetechnote, 5g call flow video, 5G Call Flows & Signaling, 5g initial access Vo5G/VoNR: When 5G Core is deployed, voice is leveraged using the 5G Core functions and IMS, while the 5G use cases are delivered by the NR and the 5G Core. 0 Release 15 2 ETSI TS 123 501 V15. Note that, the radio technology in 5G is referred to as 5G New Radio, and the Voice/video call services using 5G RAN and 5G Core is referred to as Voice over New Radio- VoNR. When 5G Core is deployed, voice is leveraged using the 5G Core functions and IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), while the 5G use cases are delivered by the NR(New Radio) and the 5G Core. Home > Technical Articles > VoNR Call Flow. This course is for all levels of expertise . It's a central entity in the 5G core network when it comes to user sessions. Secondary Node gNB (SN-gNB). Jun 6, 2021 · Note : When a UE initiates a Resource Modification Request, and if the SMF includes the "qosFlowUsage" attribute containing "IMS_SIG" within SmPolicyUpdateContextDatadata structure and the PCF accepts that a QoS flow dedicated to IMS signaling can be used, the PCF returns the "qosFlowUsage" containing "IMS_SIG" value within the SmPolicyDecision data structure. If the Nov 17, 2018 · The complete 5G standalone access flow is fairly complex. Authentication and Security: The 5G Core authenticates the UE. In 5G, Network Management is envisioned to be Software-driven, and Network functions & resources are The EPS Fallback solution is implemented on the 5G standalone architecture (5G SA) as shown in Figure 3. SMF assigns a new N4 session ID and provides it to the UPF. Dec 22, 2023 · Here's a technical breakdown of the 5G End-to-End Call Flow: 1. 1a. Below is a simplified technical explanation of the 5G NR NSA call flow: UE (User Equipment) Attachment to 4G LTE Network: Feb 1, 2022 · 5G Core Architecture part 1 Live Session 1st Feb 2022This session is inspired by session by MPIRICAL YouTube channel. Varies components of the core network can be run as communicating virtual machines. When a mobile moves from one cell to another in connected mode, it's handover that allows the mobile to stay connected. This approach permits cellular providers to roll out 5G services without the expense of a full scale 5G Core Network. 5G Call Flows · General Procedures (Types) · Registration Procedure · De-Registration Procedure · User and Network Identities. Voice communication is an essential part of the service providers offers. 5G-NR Standalone Registration Message Details - HTML Dec 27, 2023 · The 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture allows operators to introduce 5G services using the existing 4G infrastructure, primarily the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). To enable the connectivity through a 5G core, the initial attach on the E-UTRAN or EPS deviates from the LTE (4G) is the first network technology that is capable of delivering high-speed data to subscribers. LiteCore – Core Network solution for Private LTE; MiniCore – YateHSS/HLR & YateUCN in a box for testing & research; MiniCore 5G – A full 5G, LTE/IMS and GSM/GPRS test Core Network; 5G SA Lab – A complete 5G network in a desktop package; VoLTE Lab – A complete mobile network for Dec 11, 2023 · This allows the UE to benefit from the higher data rates and lower latency offered by the 5G NR. In some cases UE would be surrounded not by the multiple basestation from one network operator but by the multiple basestation from different Feb 12, 2021 · Note : When a UE initiates a Resource Modification Request, and if the SMF includes the "qosFlowUsage" attribute containing "IMS_SIG" within SmPolicyUpdateContextDatadata structure and the PCF accepts that a QoS flow dedicated to IMS signaling can be used, the PCF returns the "qosFlowUsage" containing "IMS_SIG" value within the SmPolicyDecision data structure. Configuration in the Core Network (CN): The 4G core network (EPC) is aware of the 5G network slices and May 7, 2022 · Tidle Timer Call Flow. Describe 5G network architecture and main network functions as compared Dec 2, 2023 · The Standalone (SA) call flow in a 5G network involves the establishment of a connection between a mobile device (User Equipment - UE) and the 5G core network. The core network functions include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Network Repository Function (NRF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), and User Plane Function (UPF). Just as was the case for early (pre-VoLTE) 4G where the UE would fall back to 2G/3G networks when making/receiving voice calls (so-called CS Fallback), it is possible for 5G networks to fallback to 4G networks (i. Let us understand VoNR call flow using following figure. CHF Implementation. As mentioned above, the most fundamental units of QoS is QoS Flow. 5G Core Control Plane Sharing Cases: Can you please update registratation call flow in 5G with detail description, like the way you updated for VOLTE/4G. Random access procedure and RRC connection setup procedure are also illustrated. Webinar - Part06 5G Slicing High Level Call Flow (Mar 2021) LFN Webinar: 5G Dynamic Network Slicing via Open Source Projects (Mar 2021) 5G RAN and 5GC Network Slice Signaling - 5G NR Call Flows (Oct 2021) 5G Network Function - NSSF, AF, NEF & NRF (Oct 2021) 5G Network Function - PCF (Oct 2021) It is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating user sessions in the 5G core network. You would see a little bit of differences in terms of signaling message name comparing to VoLTE setup, but those differences are due to signaling difference between LTE and NR, not specifically due to IMS side difference. Below is a detailed technical explanation of the SA call flow in 5G: 1. Attach Procedure: * UE Attachment Request: The user equipment initiates the attach ETSI 3GPP TS 23. In the second half of the course, we go through the different principles associated with the 5G core network and discuss the various network functions and the call flows. The connection is seamlessly transferred from LTE to 5G. Below is a technical breakdown of the 5G registration call flow: 3GPP Release 16 supports Access Traffic Steering, switching and splitting (ATSSS) that allows a ,multi-access PDU session where a PDU session with multiple packet flows may select 3GPP access or untrusted WLAN for each packet flow or a packet flow may be switched between 3GPP access and untrusted WLAN or a packet flow can be split across 3GPP Dec 27, 2023 · Here's a technical breakdown of the EN-DC call flow: 1. As a result, the new QoS flow rules/QoS descriptions/PDR/QER are created and the corresponding interfaces (N1, N2, and N4) are updated by creating new flows. The new 5G core, as defined by 3GPP, utilizes cloud-aligned, service-based architecture (SBA) that spans across all 5G functions and interactions including authentication, security, session management Sep 1, 2022 · The figure below illustrates the basic call flow. This involves Apr 6, 2023 · 5G Core (5GC) is the heart of a 5G mobile network; it handles a wide variety of essential functions in the mobile network, such as connectivity and mobility management, authentication and authorization, and policy management, among others. 5G NR Connection Setup: 5G Network Overview (Core) (Sep 2018) Service Based Architecture in 5G | Webinar (Jun 2020) Open Session -5G Core Protocol and Procedures |5G Call Flow |5G Network |5G Core | SBA| Cloud Native (JUl 2021) YouTube. 5G SA introduces a new 5G core and new 5G specific services such as network slicing and new QoS mechanisms that are important for enterprise and IoT use cases. However, as described in “GSMA Operator Requirements for 5G Core Connectivity Options” there is a need for the industry ecosystem to support all of the 5G core Dec 14, 2023 · The 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture allows 5G networks to be deployed on existing 4G LTE infrastructure. Services exposure by NEF is based on RESTful APIs over a Service-based interface bus. This white paper first introduces the features and telco-grade capabilities of the cloud native Samsung 5G Core, which is ready for 5G SA commercialization and examines its benefits for network operators. Here’s a basic overview of the call flow, along with examples of Information Elements (IEs) that can be checked in Qualcomm eXtensible Diagnostic Monitor (QXDM) and a flow chart UE Registration and Attach UE powers on and sends a Registration Request message to the 5G Core Network Jul 2, 2021 · For 5G performance and user experience, Samsung S21/S21 Ultra series is pretty good!In case you want to buy this phone, please check out following links. Call Process : SA Initial Attach; Core - N1 Interface; Core - N26 Interface; Core - N12,N13 - AMF,AUSF,UDM 5G VoNR call flow. Please help to provide 5G(SA)call flow with logs. This call flow is critical for the UE to register itself with the 5G network and establish a connection for data services. Table 4-4 Impacted Nodes in 5G/4G Core Because of Interworking Mar 8, 2020 · From an IMS point of view, Rel-15 5G Core looks similar to the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC): • The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) remains responsible for handling the IMS user profile. All communication services are delivered or connected by our 5G Core architecture, such as a metaverse’s extended reality, multi-player gaming, Industry 4. Our 5G Core (5GC) delivers an exciting variety of new services to everyone and everything. Jan 25, 2024 · Handover is an essential feature/procedure in 5G (and earlier cellular systems). Initial Access and Registration: UE (User Equipment) Attachment: The UE initiates the registration process by sending an initial attach request to the 5G Core (5GC) through the gNB (5G New Radio Node). To enable connectivity through a 5G core, the initial attach on the ePDG or EPS deviates from the Apr 3, 2023 · As the 5G Core transitions into IT-based systems such as containers, Kubernetes, public clouds, and even web-related protocols such as HTTP2, TCP, and others. Here is a technical explanation of the 5G UE registration call flow: 1. 5G to 4G Handover Call Flow Description; 1. When you power on the mobile device, in most case the device is under a circumstance where it sees many base station (gNB) around it. In more technical terms: In a MOCN configuration, the broadcast system information contains a list of IDs, the so called PLMN IDs. • 5G core (5GC) establishes QoS flow with calling UE using 5QI equals 5 in order to carry SIP signaling. NEF (Network Exposure Function): It exposes services and resources over APIs within and outside the 5G Core. 5G Core Networks present the opportunity to build a more a capable network and offer innovative services in a more cost efficient way. When a Gx session exists on PCRF and Rx AAA response is received, P-CSCF sends the Rx AAA request to the PCF Diameter endpoint. jx xh ii na zk cn ux vx pr mk

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